The applications of geothermal energy are diverse and can be broadly categorized into power generation, direct use, and geothermal heat pumps. Geothermal power plants convert heat from underground reservoirs into electricity. For direct use, hot geothermal water can be used for heating buildings, greenhouses, and swimming pools, or for industrial processes such as pasteurization. Geothermal heat pumps, on the other hand, utilize the relatively constant underground temperature of the Earth for heating and cooling residential or commercial buildings. These methods of utilization highlight the versatility of geothermal energy and emphasize its potential to significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels in both developed and developing regions.